IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin therapy) is a drug that works to treat antibody deficiency. IVIG is also frequently used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as Kawasaki disease and to prevent the body's rejection of bone marrow transplantation.IVIG is an immunoglobulin from blood plasma obtained from a healthy donor. IVIG is included in the antiserum class of drugs that work by strengthening the immune system (immune system), fighting infections in the body, and stopping damaging antibodies from destroying blood, nerves, or other body tissues.
Precautions Before Using IVIG
IVIG should not be used carelessly. Before using this drug, pay attention to the following points:
IVIG should not be used in patients who have a history of allergies to this medicine. Tell me any allergy history you have.
Do not vaccinate with live vaccines, such as the MR and MMR vaccines, while using IVIG. Vaccination can only be done 3 weeks before or 3 months after getting IVIG.
Do not consume alcohol, drive motor vehicles, or operate machinery and heavy equipment, while undergoing treatment with IVIG, because this drug can cause dizziness.
Tell your doctor about your past and current medication history, especially if you have been treated with IVIG or are currently being treated with loop diuretic drugs.
Tell your doctor if you have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney disease, heart disease, or blood clotting disorders.
Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning a pregnancy.
During treatment with IVIG, your doctor will ask you to undergo regular check-ups to monitor your condition and response to therapy.
See a doctor immediately if there is an allergic drug reaction or overdose after using IVIG.
IVIG Dosage and Usage
The dose given can vary, depending on the age and condition being treated. IVIG will be given by intravenous injection (through a vein). The following is the distribution of IVIG doses based on treatment goals:
Objective: To increase the number of antibodies in patients with primary antibody deficiency and immunocompromised congenital patients
Adults: 400-800 mg / kg.
Follow-up dose: 200 mg / kg every 3-4 weeks. The dosage can be adjusted according to the patient's body response.
Maintenance dose: 200–400 mg / kg body weight every month.
Children: 200–400 mg / kg every 3-4 weeks.
Objective: To increase the number of antibodies in patients with secondary antibody deficiency
Adults: 200–400 mg / kg / body weight every 3–4 weeks.
Objective: To overcome the Guillain-Barré syndrome
Adults: 400 mg / kg body weight per day for 5 consecutive days. If needed, the dose is repeated every 4 weeks.
Purpose: Overcoming Kawasaki disease
Adults: 1.6–2 g / kg, given in divided doses for 2–5 days. The drug is given with acetylsalicylic acid.
Alternative dose: 2 g / kg given in a single dose. The drug is given together with acetylsalicylic acid.
Objective: Increase the platelet count of people with ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura)
Adults: 400 mg / kg body weight per day for 2-5 consecutive days.
Alternative dosage: 800–1,000 mg / kg, given on the first day and can be repeated on the third day.
Purpose: To prevent infection after bone marrow transplant
Adults: 500 mg / kg body weight per week, dose according to body response.
Purpose: As part of the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
Adults: 500 mg / kg body weight per week, starting 7 days before transplantation and up to 3 months after transplantation.
Purpose: Overcoming chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Adults: 2 g / kg body weight given in divided doses for 2–5 consecutive days. Follow-up dose 1 g / kgBB for 1-2 days every 3 weeks.
How to Use IVIG the Right Way
IVIG should only be given by a doctor or medical personnel under the supervision of a doctor. Generally, IVIG is given by infusion (intravenous, IV). The dose and duration of use of IVIG will be adjusted to the condition and response of the patient's body. The IVIG administration schedule will be given by the doctor. Follow the schedule given by the doctor.
During treatment with IVIG, the patient must have adequate fluid requirements, to reduce the risk of side effects. In addition, urine output and creatinine levels will also be checked regularly.
IVIG needs to be stored in the refrigerator at 2–8 ° C, should not be frozen and needs to be left at room temperature before use. Keep IVIG out of reach of children.
Interaction of IVIG with Other Drugs
The use of IVIG can interfere with the immune system's response to live vaccines, such as measles vaccine, mumps vaccine (mumps), German measles vaccine (rubella), and chickenpox (varricella). To be safe, it is recommended to do the vaccination 3 weeks before or 3 months after getting IVIG.
IVIG Side Effects and Dangers
IVIG rarely causes side effects. When side effects occur, these side effects usually subside on their own. Side effects that can occur include:
-Headache or dizziness
-Fever and chills
-Nausea or vomiting
-Low blood pressure (hypotension)
-Muscle or joint pain
-Heart beats faster than normal (tachycardia)
-Skin looks red (flushing)
-Pain in the area that was infused or injected
In addition, the use of IVIG is also often associated with the appearance of pompholyx or eczema, and is associated with the occurrence of thrombosis or thromboembolic disorders.
Consult a doctor if the above complaints do not improve immediately. See your doctor immediately if you experience an allergic reaction to a drug characterized by swelling of the lips and eyelids, difficulty breathing, and a rash on the skin that feels itchy.
Please note, after receiving an IVIG injection or infusion, the body will immediately feel better. However, you will feel weak and tired as the IVIG dose in your body decreases, especially as you approach your next dose.
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